The sanctuary is a private wildlife haven. Western Australia is home to many of these plants and animals and has some of the richest and most unusual biodiversity on Earth, much of which occurs nowhere else and is recognised as being significant at both national and global scales. Australia among seven nations responsible for more than 50 per cent of global biodiversity loss, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. Then, almost immediately after we discover its alive, in comes climate change, says Mike. The introduction of new species is also a threat to Australia's biodiversity. Established in 2002, we have a proven history in managing and delivering specialist environmental consulting services for . Melbourne Universitys Kylie Soanes and Will Sowersby, tag a squirrel glider near Kyeamba, NSW. Reduction in biodiversity was calculated by looking at species that had their IUCN red list upgraded during the period, such as from "least concern" to "threatened", or "vulnerable" to "endangered". Take a look at what some of our readers had to say about Australia's biodiversity loss. The idea of a legacy seems to be a common theme: Like an artist creating a paintingwe wanted to leave something behind that we had made some contribution to, says Wayne. The fact is, in the past few hundred years, Australia has the worst record in the world for mammal extinctions. [2] Over 60 per cent of the continent is under assault by inappropriate land use, and in the process there is no valuing anything native; everything is being trampled and pushed back. Contrary to popular opinion, mining is a much smaller problem. Koolanooka Springs, Morawa. It wasnt always my plan to come back;but it had a lot to do with these conservation projects, the 26-year-old tells me. The landholders are Wayne Stokes and his partner Marcia Macartney, former public servants who moved here from Canberra almost two decades ago. Its a biodiversity highway aimed at protecting a great ribbon of life, explains the NSW Department of Environments Ian Pulsford, a driving force behind the concept. And so biodiversity and looking after the range of animals and plants and God knows what else is looking at a whole pattern. This website may contain names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islanderpeoples. Mike agrees 1.5 million sq. There is a similar sort of argument about rewilding bringing the wolves back to Yellowstone Park so that you cull some of the herbivores and allow the balance of nature to come back again. I dont want Australians, particularly the younger generation, to feel so depressed about our current path that they cant be motivated to do things that have the capacity to result in a far brighter future. We cause global warming by releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, which will alter the nature of ecosystems everywhere. The UN global assessment report painted a stark picture: the decline of the world's natural support systems means that human society is in danger.. [The] challenge is not to prognosticate about the height of the piles of dead species that will litter the wayside of the future if we stick with current strategies. While there have certainly been extinctions in Australia during the past 40,000 to 50,000 years, scientists are unsure about which, if any, were caused by Indigenous people. Richard Fuller: My own conservation philosophy is that the world becomes a poorer place every time we lose a species from it. CLIMATE CHANGE POSES a major threat to a biota already in decline. But the issues we face go much deeper than this. Australia's biodiversity is in a bad way From time to time, you might hear that another animal is endangered or that more trees have been cut down to make way for new housing. 44-50. More than 80% of Australia's flowering plants and land mammals are endemic, as are 88% of our reptiles, 45% of our birds and 92% of our frogs. Both State and Commonwealth regimes apply the mitigation hierarchy (Australian Government, 2012; The Government of Western Australia, 2011). SUBTERRANEAN FAUNA CONSERVATION. But thats only 20 per cent of Australia. The mountains offer a huge diversity of refuges. Western Australia; Travel Videos; Entertainment. He has been working with an existing captive-breeding program that uses artificially cooled enclosures at Vict+orias Healesville Sanctuary. At the University of Queenslands Fuller Biodiversity Lab, Richard Fuller, with colleagues and students studies the connection between people and nature. Outgoing threatened species commissioner Gregory Andrews caused a stir recently when he suggested there are bigger threats to Australian wildlife than habitat loss. Their hunting practices may have affected population levels of some animals, and the building of fish traps in coastal and inland rivers may also have had environmental effects. Richard Fuller: You're welcome, thank you. But now this almighty raptor, affectionately known as The Red, has become our nations rarest bird of prey. A ustralia's biodiversity is in trouble. Richard Fuller: Yes, I would completely agree, and of course I think the former two are the driver of the third, in a sense. Biodiversity loss is the result of complex interactions between humans and nature, . Coupled with persistent biophysical threats and socioeconomic causes is human-induced climate change, which is projected to exacerbate biodiversity loss through increased risk of species extinctions and ecosystem decline, especially among those already at risk and limited in their climatic range (Conservation, 2006). Using his palaeontology background, Mike has devised a bold and potentially controversial plan to save the species. The Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions ( DBCA) is the Western Australian government department responsible for managing lands and waters described in the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984, the Rottnest Island Authority Act 1987, the Swan and Canning Rivers Management Act 2006, the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority "These changes will have major, negative impacts on biodiversity," Machovina says. For millennia, humans have been reshaping ecosystems, directly . Robyn Williams: My final question, someone who is on one of your slides, Paul Ehrlich from Stanford University who has always for decades come across to Australia to study birds and various other creatures, and he has said that we've got several gigantic global problems at the moment, obviously climate change is one, population another, biodiversity the third, but not third in number but equal as a problem. Land-use change for urbanisation, agricultural, minerals and industrial development. "Once you actually work out [which country] might have been responsible for the loss of diversity, Australia is standing there at number two," Dr Waldron said. This is Lovejoy on The Science Show some years ago: Tom Lovejoy: After a great deal of thinking about it, it seems to us that there is no intelligent way to choose between one species and another, and in fact it's not an intelligent choice to make. salinization and waterlogging of ecosystems; over-grazing of native vegetation by domestic animals, loss of soils and altered hydrology in the pastoral rangelands; over-exploitation of native plants and animals; and, the ability for the Minister to approve Biodiversity management programmes;. ': Remote NT mayor questions response time for flood evacuations. by Samantha Mickan | Jun 25, 2018 | Environment, Download PDF:ISPL Insight WA unique biodiversity. Fewer than 1300 breeding pairs are thought to survive. Since the arrival of Europeans in Australia, just over 200 years ago, there has been an extraordinary increase in the rate of environmental change and in the loss of biodiversity. . They include: While the Act provides new arrangements for Biodiversity Conservation Covenants, these arrangements do not replace or invalidate existing registered Nature Conservation Covenants which will continue unaffected by the Biodiversity Conservation Act. We still have work to do on our engagement with biodiversity in Western Australia, and Perth specifically, before we can become a model for future cities. Charles Darwin noted that the species richness here could be due to the fact this was a relatively wet pocket of land isolated by ocean to the west and the desert of the Nullarbor to the east. Those areas that are most productive for farming are also the most productive for biodiversity.. Extinctions of species have been occurring since the first life forms evolved. Biodiversity is valued by people for many reasons. New South Wales and Queensland have been particularly bad for that over the past two decades," Professor Brook said. This enables decision makers to avoid and minimise impacts and, where necessary, develop complementary management strategies, such as biodiversity offsets and restoration to manage residual impacts. White Spider Orchid Lower Swamp (Frog Swamp) North Lake Reserve 2014 You can imagine a migratory species showing up and being unable to refuel on its journey, for example. And in many ways we have to keep managing the environment in those disturbed areas to make sure that things don't get too out of kilter. Home News Biodiversity hotspot in WA explained. Thats going to put the temperature up at least one degree[enough] to destroy the habitat. This, in turn, has triggered an ever-increasing suite of regulatory controls that are considered to result in delays for the approval of projects. Perth is the capital of the Southwest Australia Ecoregion, one of only 34 internationally recognised Biodiversity Hotspots (Conservation International 2010). SW Western Australia is one of the world's major biodiversity hotspots. The destruction of habitat by human activities, including land clearing, remains the major cause of biodiversity loss in Australia. If we didnt look after the erosion on this property, in 30 or 40 years time it would be disastrous all our soil would be in the neighbours place, Bruce says. So we are certainly facing enormous challenges, but I am also optimistic, I do see strong responses to that, both at governmental level but really driven by a groundswell of change, and I think that connection between people and nature is really fundamental, and enhancing that connection enables us to articulate more clearly and argue more persuasively for change at the highest level. In Australia at the end of 2019 and start of 2020, 97,000km2 of forest and surrounding habitats were destroyed by intense fires that are now known to have been made worse by climate change. 1. Students learn about food webs at school. Email: enquiries@integratesustainability.com.au. The Ministerial Guidelines provide further details on the criteria and procedures that apply. All content copyright Government of Western Australia, All rights reserved. Many bird species have been lost in Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia and the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia. Space to play or pause, M to mute, left and right arrows to seek, up and down arrows for volume. km) to about 15 per cent (1,250,000sq. Robyn Williams: Richard Fuller is Professor of Biology at the University of Queensland. According to the CSIRO, habitat loss from land clearing is a primary driver of biodiversity loss in Australia. Species may find they have no escape routes as temperatures rise, pushing them out of their comfort zones. Richard Fuller: I think there's no question that we've messed up almost every one of the Earth's planetary systems that govern the way nature works, and that means that intervention by us is often needed to keep things on an even keel or to return them to some kind of functional state. On top of all of that are the ecological processes which are managed by the presence of life on Earth. Whatever the level of impact created by Australia's Indigenous people, they adapted their own lifestyles and survived in all parts of the continent for many thousands of years. Loss of biodiversity undermines ecosystems' abilities to function effectively and efficiently and thus undermines nature's ability to support a healthy environment. The loss of wetlands that began in 1829, and continues into the present day, is a deciding factor in Perth being able to retain its status as a biodiverse city. Rather I am saying that if you look at countries like Haiti or El Salvador in the hemisphere that I know, which have already lost a lot of their biological resources, they are places which have lowering standards of living and social and political problems, and in fact reach out beyond their borders and affect even the United States. Did megafauna that used to roam Australia become extinct because of climate change or because of hunting? Unless you understand the processes you may disadvantage the species by not supporting the processes that brought it into being in the first place, he told Australian Geographic. They are not going to damage other species in those rainforests because theyve always been there. The sheer scale and intensity of the Australian bushfire crisis have led to apocalyptic scenes making the front pages of newspapers the world over. It needs funding, but it could be the most exciting project of this kind in the world in terms of an innovative way to counter the unquestioned threat to the survival of a species through climate change, he says. Some animals, such as cats and foxes, directly destroy native species. 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Its filled with resources that evolutionarily they are suited to eat, says Mike. But I think we have to be careful with some of those more utilitarian arguments for different aspects of nature. In the early days the settlers would have been targeting sections of the landscape that had yellow box to clear for pasture.. Along with UWA colleague Dr Siegy Krauss, Stephen was recently awarded $1 million from the Australian Research Council to test the evolutionary implications of this idea. Companies; Markets; The economy; . Australias red goshawk once ruled the skies. When the environment changes down on the plains, it changes uniformly over a bigger area. Professor Wintle estimated Australia needs to spend $1.5 billion to $2 billion a year to halt biodiversity decline. It does have its place in communicating the role of different aspects of nature, the right to wrongs of different environmental management settings, for example. We missed [understanding] this here and thats why small mammals have been going extinct in northern Australia. "The impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution are being keenly felt around the globe . All of these groups need to be around the table because they all have something important to contribute. ILLUMINATED BY A RED spotlight, a pair of small eyes peers down at us from 25m above in an aged and stately red box tree. My guess is that Burramys will find any number of things to eat because theyve always been in lowland rainforest. But we are just one of many species on Earth, and our demand for resources - land, water, food, and shelter - shapes the environment for other wildlife too. Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is a term used to describe the variety of living things in the natural environment: the different plants, animals and micro-organisms; the genes they contain; and the ecosystems in which they occur. Its better that we try [Mikes] method now, than wish we had in 10 years time. According to the UK Natural History Museum's biodiversity intactness index, high levels of biodiversity loss has occurred in regions including the UK and Ireland, parts of western Europe and stretches of North America . Two-thirds of Australia has lost its unique birdlife.' A new study reveal why this may be the case. I know that you worked to some extent with Hugh Possingham who I think was the Queensland Chief Scientist last year, this year as well, and he came into an argument in South Australia talking about the need to cull koalas because in a certain area they were interfering with, say, the tree growth and suchlike. And so, how many times have you come to arguments? Richard Fuller: We spend a lot of time studying migratory birds, species that migrate from Australia up to the Arctic and back, and that has been a fascinating line of work, looking at the amazing migration journeys of these animals, the threats that they face along the way, and what could be done about those threats. The main factor in the loss of biodiversity is the increased rate of population growth. One species eats another, each is important. On Monday the papers carried a Reuters report on destruction in the Amazon. Biodiversity loss and climate change are both driven by economic activities and neither will be successfully resolved unless both are tackled together, according to a joint report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Farms are often overlooked for biodiversity priority, but its these areas that birds are coming to because theres a more reliable nectar source herea lot of the threatened species live in these areas., Yellow-box grassy woodland, a threatened habitat type found on the Lynchs farm, has been extensively cleared in the south-east because it occurs on fertile soils. We pay our respect to Aboriginal Elders and recognise their continuous connection to Country. Image copyrightHolly Story. They also stock lightly and now rotate livestock between 35 small paddocks, instead of three large ones. It is an ongoing challenge that has multiple complex issues and trade-offs. Biological diversity or biodiversity is the term given to the variety of life on Earth. Biodiversity data and information management, A review of mine rehabilitation condition setting in WA, Biodiversity survey: Optimising knowledge capture, Building resilience to change: Pilbara mammals, Capturing monitoring data for subterranean fauna, Completion criteria & risk based monitoring, Digitally Transforming Environmental Impact Assessment, IBSA: Index of biodiversity surveys for assessments, Remote sensing of native vegetation extent and condition, Restoring biodiversity in agricultural lands, SAFE: Shared Analytic Framework for the Environment, SEAF: Shared Environmental Analytics Facility (Proposed), A rich endowment of minerals and petroleum resources provide a significant component of Gross State Product and provides the State Government with substantial revenues through taxation and royalties, A productive and diverse agricultural sector, A growing population demanding increased urban development, particularly in the South West of the State. A variety of grants are already available as incentives from public and private bodies. Next door is the Blue Metal Travelling Stock Reserve, home to a colony of squirrel gliders and a population of an endangered bird the grey-crowned babbler. Much of the loss is caused by habitat destruction due to unsustainable agriculture or logging. Work on the drafting of the new Biodiversity Conservation Regulations is underway (Service, 2017). Southwest Australia is recognised as one of the worlds 35 recognised biodiversity hotspots. Iain Gordon, a biodiversity expert with the CSIRO in Townsville, says land quality is as important as quantity. That great PhD student ShawanChowdhury has just finished his PhD on global patterns in migratory butterflies and thinking about conservation of those species. If you or your organisation have any questions regarding biodiversity protection or require any assistance in biodiversity restoration please contact Integrate Sustainability on 08 9468 0338 or enquiries@integratesustainability.com.au. In short, biodiversity provides us with clean air, fresh water, good quality soil and crop pollination. Biodiversity is declining faster than at any time in human history. The worst thing we can do is the nonsense of wildernessthere are few places on the planet that havent had humans managing them in some way, Mike says. Kenle, Wikicommons, Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus), Lake Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 2012. When one is communicating to others or when one is trying to work out the worth of different species, I think we start to fall into really difficult territory. Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. Professor Kingsley Dixon, director of science at Kings Park and Botanic Garden in Perth, says understanding the biodiversity of the region is important for conserving it. Yet the pressures placed on ecosystems from human impact and changing climate are increasing, with more species lost due to extinction. After protracted negotiations with a pastoral family in far northern New South Wales, the state government has bought more than 430,000ha of iconic Australian outback to be managed as national park. Landholder Ian Bell and wife Lise hold a combined sheep farm and vineyard south of Tumbarumba. The main factor in the loss of biodiversity is the increased rate of population growth. A rich diversity of snails in north-west Western Australia is sublime evidence of evolution in action. They've spent thousands of years honing these migration journeys to arrive at the right moment and in the right physiological condition. 14 million ha in the 280-600 mm rainfall zone of south-western Australia (Fig. However, they found that the impacts of these pressures could be reduced by investment in environmental protection. In the past 20 years extinctions have also become common on continents. Image credit: gadigal yilimung (shield) madeby UncleCharlesChickaMadden. Australian Geographic acknowledges the First Nations people of Australia as traditional custodians, and pay our respects to Elders past and present, and their stories and journeys that have lead us to where we are today. Wetlands are the most productive of all biological systems and support a heterogeneous range of wildlife, both aquatic and terrestrial (Jennings 1996). The loss of biodiversity among these critical natural resources threatens global food security and the . WABSI will contribute to this need by providing more certainty around the decision making processes. Indigenous people have been interacting with Australia's natural environment for tens of thousands of years. The impact of current threatsis predicted to increase with loss of snow cover from global warming., In what Mike describes as a delicious irony, the species was only known in fossil form until 1966, when visitors to a Mount Hotham ski lodge spied a weird little animal running around a kitchen. Pollution: Garbage dumped into the water supply, chemical runoff from industrial applications, and air pollution from cars and factories all have a negative effect. one of the most diverse and unique floras in the world, with over 210 vascular plant families, and 50-80% of species being unique to the state in the largest of these families. This is a major commitment, because it is written into the deeds and protects the property in perpetuity from development, but was something both Wayne and Marcia felt was important. We estimate there are less than 2000 adults left, says Linda Broome, an alpine ecologist with the NSW Department of Environment (DECCW). This research investigates the challenges and opportunities of urban estuaries exposed to spatial, urban, and environmental shifts exacerbated by climate change, ecological disturbances, and population growth, taking the cities of Perth, Western Australia and Newcastle, New South Wales, as case studies. The World Wildlife Fund argues that Perth may be the wildlife capital of the world, with over 2,100 plant species, 15 amphibian species and 156 native birds , with seasonal influxes from visiting seabirds and migrating shorebirds (World Wildlife Fund 2013). 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