When the non-brahmin manifesto was released for public debate and scrutiny in december 1916, Annie Beasant, editor of New India (NI) and patron saint of the Home rule movement denounced its contents and stated intentions in strident terms. In which year Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released? The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established in 1916 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. 0000031124 00000 n Since then several non-brahmin conferences have been held at important district centres. The Board of Revenue added a column in 1904 exhibiting caste or sect of each subordinate department to provide uniformity to its rules.7 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education SSLC (English Medium) Class 10th. That was when Maraimalai Adikal (Swami Vethachalam) launched the pure Tamil movement against the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil. Hume, W.C. Bonnerjee, Budruddin Tayabji, S. Ramaswami Mudaliar, Rangiah Naidu, Rao Bahadur Sabhapathi Mudaliar and Sir Sankaran Nair, enlightened non-Brahmins all over the presidency gave it their hearty and loyal support. 0000003934 00000 n 0000016525 00000 n In a society where majority of the people have been denied their due share in social, economic and political participation based on their identity on communal basis as non-brahmin, such neglected section had to liberate themselves and progress further only with such identity. South Indian Liberal Federation (Justice Party) On 20 November 1916 around 30 prominent non-Brahmin leaders including Dr. C. Natesanar, Sir Pitti Theyagarayar, T.M. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes from . Of course, he did not invite the attention of the Public Service Commission to what prevailed in the important Native States directly under the control of the Madras Government, where, too, the preponderance of Brahmins in the Government Service then, as now, Was not less marked, Nor did lie go into the figures relating to the subordinate services, which are recruited under a system almost wholly of patronage. Justice Party released its non-Brahmin manifesto in December 1916. Great and pressing is the task. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. Question Bank Solutions 6948. No one denies, this. endstream endobj 35 0 obj <>stream Similar results were produced by the competitive examination for the Accounts Departments. Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. % During the Centenary of Non Brahmin Manifesto Proclamation, many eminent persons who claimed in the social and governance ladder due to the labourious contributions of the Dravidian Movement were felicitated. Many Non-Brahmins were pained and surprised at the 0000000016 00000 n Old established traditions, the position of the Brahmins as the highest and the most sacred of the Hindu castes, the nature of their ancient calling, and the steady inculcation of the belief, both by written texts and oral, teaching, that they are so many divinely-ordained intermediaries without whose active intervention and blessing the soul cannot obtain salvation, and their consequent freedom from manual toil all these helped them to adapt themselves easily to the new conditions under British Rule, as under previous epochs, in large numbers and far more successfully than the other castes and communities, Apart, however, from the question of English education, are large material stakes, traditional and inherited interests in the soil and the social prestige that goes with it, influence among the masses, quiet and peaceful occupations that tend to the steady economic development of the province, and overwhelming numerical strength itself, to count for nothing? When I was one among the nine Judges of Supreme Court Constitutional Bench, formed to deal Indra Sawhney Vs Union of India, popularly known as Mandal Recommendation Implementation case. Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir (1968) & Dravidar 100 (2016). It opposed the Home Rule Movement as a movement ofBrahmins and feared that Home Rule might give them more power. Sir, Alexander (then Mr.) Cardew, now a member of the Madras Executive Council, in his evidence before the Public Service Commission in 1913, described in detail, the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the Public Service of this province, not certainly as a champion of non-Brahmin interest, but with a view to show that if simultaneous examinations in England and India for admission into the Indian Civil Service, were introduced, the Brahmins, whom he characterised as a small rigidly exclusive caste would swamp that Service. We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. stream This manifesto which came to be known as the Non-Brahmin Manifesto of 1916 was designed to secure the advancement of Non-Brahmins in the face of the so-called Brahmin monopoly in education, and in the professional and Government services. They came to be challenged by educated and trading community members of the non-Brahmin castes. 0000003479 00000 n I was dutiful to Thanthai Periyars ideology of Social Justice. 9qrA8 !0,Cx7%b1|(`JIM&c0lHb1VUaqr/GQB& >p_N}-"W_+b=_zEkb /4w. Chalam. 19 44 Not satisfied with the possession of the key to the present political position, the radical politicians of this presidency, who are apparently never as happy as when they ask for fresh political concessions, irrespective of their suitability to the existing conditions, now ask for Home Rule, and from previous experience, we fear that, if a discordant note is not sounded at the proper time, it will, of course, be made out that all India is keen about Home Rule. 0000004241 00000 n So that the non-Brahmin, however distinguished, has little or no chance of getting into the Senate of the Madras University through what is called the open door of election, In the election to the Imperial and local Legislative Councils and to municipal bodies one finds the same truth illustrated so far as these elections could be controlled by the rigidly exclusive caste. The manifesto was criticised by the Home rule periodical New India. .-yww{9rsr.XdVl`p+Vx#mTBA t8BA t8Bl0}> {&MYGN(|E2_W>0|]_);QtDE'N(;Qt;1tb7 Fo7 Fo7 Fgs |a|1,!J%|B,=MS\{8.` W. Prof.P.Jagadeesan, former Vice Chancellor and Vice President of DHRC spoke on Why was Justice Party formed?. Should not the classes and communities that, from time immemorial, have stood for these, receive encouragement from the Government? Buddha Road The Inner Grammar Of Dissent Lives. 2 0 obj It was from within the nationalist movement in Madras presidency that in 1916 a group of prominent actors broke ranks with the Indian National Congress and issued a 'manifesto' of the 'Non-Brahmin'. Of course, he did not invite the attention of the Public Service Commission to what prevailed in the important Native States directly under the control of the Madras Government, where, too, the preponderance of Brahmins in the Government Service then, as now, Was not less marked, Nor did lie go into the figures relating to the subordinate services, which are recruited under a system almost wholly of patronage. Their political interests, therefore, (as compared with those of the Brahmins who number only about a million and a half), have materially suffered. It is to hide this that a fake Brahmin-ghost is continuously being . The Non-Brahmin Manifesto", issued in December 1916 by the Association's Secretary, Theagaraya Chettiar defined "the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called "The Indian Home Rule Movement.". Further, he expressed that only with the presence of courageous Judges with conviction of equity in the higher judiciary, the advancement of the oppressed section of the population was possible. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . - Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir (1968) & Dravidar 100 (2016). position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. Being a Malayala Brahmin is the first condition laid down in the guidelines issued by the Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB) for the appointment of priests in the hill shrine. Out of 140 Deputy Collectors in Madras at the time, 77 were Brahmins, 30 non-Brahmin Hindus, and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christians, Europeans and Anglo Indians. Implementing a historic government order issued during the tenure of former DMK leader M Karunanidhi, 54 non-Brahmin priests were appointed to temples managed by the HR & CE department." Reservation is the core strategic approach adopted by the Dravidian Movement to ensure the proper dispensation of Social Justice to the enslaved masses. I was a member of Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) in 1948 and participated in many progressive agitations convened by DK. 0000011761 00000 n The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. The subject 'Brahmin and non-Brahmin' began to acquire significance in Tamil Nadu with the emergence of a strong movement against hegemonic position of Brahmins in the Tamil society. Next to the felicitation session seminar on What did Justice Party achieve? was held. Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. 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