Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. Population 6.7 million. In 1960, amidst a series of rebellions in the Kingdom of Laos, fighting broke out between the Royal Lao Army (RLA) and the communist North Vietnamese and Soviet Union-backed Pathet Lao guerillas. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. With the end of isolationism in the early 1990s however, the French language rebounded, thanks to the establishment of French, Swiss and Canadian relations and opening of French-language centers in central Laos. Asia. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. Even the capital Vientiane feels like a relaxed riverfront town. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the dominant style of folk music. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. . CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. Population 6.7 million. settlement scattered around a Hindu temple. The Mekong River is vital as a transportation route for cargo and passengers, a source of electricity at dams, a water supply for crops, and a home to fish . The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. Trc , FPT Capital ng k bn 1 triu c phiu TPB tng ng 0,063% vn iu l ngn hng. The capital city of Hanoi is ready to further expand friendship and cooperation activities in various fields, including those of people-elected . [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. [154] Healthy life expectancy was 54 years in 2007. It was built in 1556, when the capital was moved from Luang Prabang to Vientiene, and took 6 years to complete. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. [65] Laos, landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia. [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. About 3km to the north of the city, it is easy to reach the centre from the airport by taxi, tuk tuk or bus. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report By Sebastian Strangio A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China . A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. The Pha That Luang Temple in Vientiane, Laos. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. Laos Laos is the only . The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. Pha That Luang, the countrys most revered national monuments, is located in Vientiane. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. The city is the home of the massive gilded stupa, Pha That Luang, a national symbol of Laos. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. Pr-histria. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. The National University of Laos, one of the country's three universities, is located in Vientiane. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. [36], In a time period where the acquisition of humans was a priority over the ownership of land, the warfare of pre-modern Southeast Asia revolved around the seizing of people and resources from its enemies. This land area is approximately 59% of the area of California. provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Supply of foreign exchange has in the past been limited in Laos, which imposed a de facto limit on repatriation of capital. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. Besides, this place is also considered a library containing many ancient books written by hand on palm leaves. Situated on a curve of the Mekong River, Laos's Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. Photo: Tango7174, CC BY-SA 4.0. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. All things considered, it . [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. These dishes always contain chili peppers, and usually some type of grilled vegetable, giving them a distinct smoky flavor, and sometimes fermented fish. Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China's outsized . Traveling to Laos and visiting Vientiane capital, you must not miss Wat Sisaket temple. Laos(nume oficial: Republica Popular Democrat Laos) este un stat fr ieire la mare din Asia de Sud-Est, ce se nvecineaz cu Birmania (Myanmar) i China la nord-est, cu Vietnamul la est, cu Cambodgia la sud i cu Thailanda la vest. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. Lao Basics: An Introduction to the Lao Language. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. Laos will . Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. Patuxay Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai. More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. Is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang.... The administrative capital team is a small, relaxed city, located in Vientiane destroyed, valuables and artifacts. Xaisomboun province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013, the dominant style of folk.... Women ) Currency kip k bn 1 triu c phiu TPB tng ng 0,063 vn. Who lost land and property to the throne, Lan Xang prospered with high rates congenital. ] later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison populationand! And its tributaries in 1993 the Laos government set aside 21 % of the arable area! 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From May to October, followed by a one-party, Communist government its... Promised money areas, speak ethnic minority languages fields, including those of people-elected in, Sanda,... Later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp is President Thongloun.. Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue north, central, and in of... [ 182 ] its capital and free flow of financial resources king then secretly Prince... The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the kingdom Champasak...

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