So we would say 16Gigabytes and not 16,000 Mbytes of 16,000,000 kbytes. The result is you can express any number with between 1 and 999 values to the left of the decimal, followed by the appropriate SI prefix. Cyclic alkanes are simply prefixed with "cyclo-": for example, C4H8 is cyclobutane (not to be confused with butene) and C6H12 is cyclohexane (not to be confused with hexene). See, They occur in words in the same languages as the original number word, and their respective derivatives. Two prefixes for forming submultiples were added: femto and atto. Six prefixes were added. In chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of the functional groups in the compound. 2 Engineering notation is similar to scientific notation except that the exponent, n, is restricted to multiples of 3 such as: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, -3, -6, etc. In English and many other languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words. Nitriles (RCN) are named by adding the suffix -nitrile to the longest hydrocarbon chain (including the carbon of the cyano group). This pack includes 36 Prefix and Suffix task cards that would fit into any class activity, or as a center/station in your Literacy Block.Included:- Task Cards- Recording Sheets- Answer Keys and Suggestions- 2 Signs/PostersSimply print (back if you want), laminate, cut and organize to use in your cla. 1. prefixes are ignored for the purpose of alphabetical ordering of side chains (e.g. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/hydrocarbon-nomenclature-prefixes-608208. In order to correctly convert one metric unit to another, you will need to determine which of two prefixes represents a bigger amount and then determine the exponential "distance" between them. Visit this website if you would like to learn more about how we use compounds every day! R-3.2.1.1 The presence of a characteristic group can be denoted by a prefix or suffix attached to the parent name (with elision of terminal "e", if present). If an aldehyde is attached to a benzene and is the main functional group, the suffix becomes benzaldehyde. Covalent compounds have Greek numerical prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. The highest-precedence group takes the suffix, with all others taking the prefix form. The -oate changes to -ate. CH NOTE: The Angstrom is a common unit of length, 1 = 10-10m). Use a leading zero for numbers less than one. Metric or SI (Le Systme International d'Units) prefix are based on powers of ten.They are modifiers on the root word that tell us the unit of measure. The breadth, depth and veracity of this work is the responsibility of Robert E. Belford, rebelford@ualr.edu. The prefix of the molecule's name is based on the number of carbon atoms. Chart dimensions: 216 mm by 279 mm (8.5 in by 11in). Here is the list for some commonly used prefixes10 12 Pico10 9 Nano10 6 Micro10 3 Milli10 2 Centi10 1 Deci10 3 Kilo10 6 Mega10 9 Giga10 12 Tera. If necessary, the bonding position is infixed: CH3CH2CH2NH2 propan-1-amine, CH3CHNH2CH3 propan-2-amine. There are other important organic suffixes: This table lists the organic chemistry prefixes up to 20 carbons in a simple hydrocarbon chain. You will also learn the basics of these chemistry prefixes and how they are applicable in the real world today! Functional class IUPAC nomenclature may also be used in the form of alkyl cyanides. A prefix to the name comes before the molecule. Prefixes are very useful since they indicate the presence of side chains or substituent groups in the given organic molecule. Straight-chain alkanes take the suffix "-ane" and are prefixed depending on the number of carbon atoms in the chain, following standard rules. 1 Meth 2 Eth 3 Prop 4 But 5 Pent 6 Hex 7 Hept 8 Oct 9 Non 10 Dec. Identify what type of bonds are there in the hydrocarbons; BOND SUFFIX (BOND NAMING . $2.00. As there are two, we write 3,9-dione. The steps for naming an organic compound are: The numbers for that type of side chain will be grouped in ascending order and written before the name of the side-chain. For example, a chain of six carbon atoms would be named using the prefix hex-. The following activities are drill and practice. Put the two elements together, and dont forget the ide on the second element. Prefix Etymology resources list both soft and hard g pronunciations. Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers. In chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of the functional groups in the compound. Prefixes, symbols, orders, and names for large . 1 mono; 2 di; 3 tri; 4 tetra; 5 penta; 6 hexa; 7 hepta; 8 octa; 9 ennea; Because the SI prefixes strictly represent powers of 10, they should not be used to represent powers of 2. Note also that some names are given using other conventions. 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane, not 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane). SI prefixes for submultiples (smaller quantities or sub units) are formatted with all lowercase symbols while prefixes for multiples (larger quantities or whole units) use uppercase symbols with the exception of three:kilo (k), hecto (h) and deka (da). Chemistry Chp 9 Chemical Names and Formulas PowerPoint. The prefix of 9 is "non" For example, a nonagon is a two-dimensional shape with 9 sides. Thus, CH3CO2K can be named as potassium acetate or as potassium ethanoate. (Peta- is word play on penta-, for example. For historical reasons, the name "kilogram" for the SI base unit of mass contains the name "kilo," the SI prefix for 103. The side chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl. Common Names Several common-use numerical prefixes denote vulgar fractions. Ionic compounds are named differently. Initially, all prefixes were represented by lowercase symbols. It is called tricosa-. Section 9.1 Naming Ions OBJECTIVES: -Identify the charges on monatomic ions by using the periodic table, and name the ions. If there are different groups, they are added in alphabetical order, separated by commas or hyphens. CH The table below shows common groups in decreasing order of precedence. Its order of magnitude is -2 against the metre, and its representation is 0.01. Historical Exception. is called pentanenitrile or butyl cyanide. September 2, 2022 by Alexander Johnson A prefix to the name comes before the molecule. Greek prefixes are often used for naming compounds. It will be called 19-yne. Some of the SI prefixes denote negative powers of 10, i.e. For example, C6H6 is named benzene. Follow. For example, H 2 C=O is named as per the IUPAC system as methanal, commonly known as formaldehyde. End the name of the second element with the suffix -ide. Why were Mexican workers able to find jobs in the Southwest? NIST SI Measurement System Chart (2021) is a colorful chart explaining the 7 base units of the SI, prefix symbols, and features the Measurement League: Guardians of the SI. Prefix [ edit] neo- new contemporary ( organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group ( organic chemistry) Being a newly -discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound Synonyms [ edit] (new): ceno-, nov- Antonyms [ edit] paleo- It would be a good idea to commit this table to memory early in your organic chemistry studies. If both acyl groups are the same, then the name of the carboxylic acid with the word acid is replaced with the word anhydride and the IUPAC name consists of two words. II. The longest possible main alkane chain is used; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, even though these describe equivalent structures. Gallery of slides covering all the key concepts with worked examples. Ba3As2 is simply called barium arsenide. Note that arsenic gets the ide suffix because it is an element. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? You can come back here to check them in case you forgot. Be aware, hydrocarbons found as rings (aromatic hydrocarbons) are named somewhat differently. If higher precedence functional groups are present (see order of precedence, below), the prefix "hydroxy" is used with the bonding position: CH3CHOHCOOH is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. ILTS Science - Chemistry (106): Test Practice and Study Guide Simple cations formed by adding a hydron to a hydride of a halogen, chalcogen or pnictogen are named by adding the suffix "-onium" to the element's root: H4N+ is ammonium, H3O+ is oxonium, and H2F+ is fluoronium. There is chemistry all around us every day, even if we dont see it. In order to correctly convert one metric unit to another, you will need to determine which of two prefixes represents a bigger amount and then determine the exponential "distance" between them. You should contact him if you have any concerns. The same suffix may be used with more than one series: Because of the common inheritance of Greek and Latin roots across the Romance languages, the import of much of that derived vocabulary into non-Romance languages (such as into English via Norman French), and the borrowing of 19th and 20th century coinages into many languages, the same numerical prefixes occur in many languages. How did you use the result to determine who walked fastest and slowest? Use prefixes appropriately to indicate the number of each kind of atom. Two forming submultiples: ronto and quecto. Words containing non-technical numerical prefixes are usually not hyphenated. NOTE: If you already know an answer you can just click "I got it right" and move on to the next. Metric or SI (Le Systme International d'Units) prefix are based on powers of ten. The first General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) approves the 8 prefixes for use. The common prefixes are given in this Table. The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, for example, uses the numerical prefixes derived from Greek, except for the prefix for 9 (as mentioned) and the . Legal. Similarly, some are only derived from words for numbers inasmuch as they are word play. An ionic compound is a chemical compound held together by ionic bonding. For example, (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (isopentane) is named 2-methylbutane, not 3-methylbutane. Activity\(\PageIndex{2}\): Prefix to Value. Some simple examples, named both ways, are shown in the figure above. 2. If the diameter of the plunger is $1.3 \mathrm{~cm}$ and that of the needle is $0.20 \mathrm{~mm}$, what force on the plunger would be needed to push fluid into a vein where the gauge pressure is $75 \mathrm{~mm}\mathrm{~Hg}$ ? prefix only if there is more than one atom b. Writing. Google Apps. Science KS3 Science - Full Collection KS3 Biology KS3 Chemistry KS3 Physics KS3 Assessment GCSE Science - Full Collection GCSE Biology GCSE Chemistry GCSE Physics GCSE Assessment KS5 Science . Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices, Created January 13, 2010, Updated December 21, 2022, Two prefixes for forming submultiples were added: femto and atto. There is one triple bond between carbon atoms 19 and 20. The purpose of organic chemistry nomenclature is to indicate how many carbon atoms are in a chain, how the atoms are bonded together, and the identity and location of any functional groups in the molecule. In systematic names this number is indicated by Greek. First, you need to determine what type of compound it is. You are planning an exercise that will include the m16 and m203. In the SI, designations of multiples and subdivision of any unit may be arrived at by combining with the name of the unit the prefixes deka, hecto, and kilo meaning, respectively, 10, 100, and 1000, and deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth, one-hundredth, and one-thousandth. [citation needed]. Geometric Isomer Definition (Cis-Trans Isomers), What Happens to Candle Wax When a Candle Burns, Common Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry, The Definition of Ortho, Meta, and Para in Organic Chemistry, Definition of Carboxyl Group in Chemistry. If you type 1,200,000 into your calculator and press ENG, it gives 1.2 x 106, so 1,200,000 bytes of memory on a memory stick would be 1.2 MBytes (you do not say 1,200 kBytes). to include a prefix that indicates the number of hydroxyl groups present (-anediol, -anetriol, etc.). It is IUPAC convention to describe all alkenes using absolute descriptors of Z- (same side) and E- (opposite) with the CahnIngoldPrelog priority rules. For example, CHCl3 (chloroform) is trichloromethane. NOTE: If you already know an answer you can just click "I got it right" and move on to the next. What are the 20 prefixes in chemistry? Lastly, you will be given different examples to practice with naming chem prefixes. Capitalization. Additional details for the use of functional prefixes and suffixes are found in Section R-4 (Name Construction). Then, assign a prefix based on the list at the beginning of this article (mono for 1, di for 2, et cetera). Patterns of problems. Atom the smallest unit of a chemical element, made from protons, neutrons, and electrons, Prefixes the name that comes before the molecule, Compounds a chemical species composed of two or more elements, Periodic table a table of chemical elements that is arranged in order of atomic number, Oxidation State a number assigned to an element that represents the number of electrons lost or gained, Transition Metal elements from the d-block of the periodic table, which can have more than one configuration of valence electrons, Roman Numerals tells you the oxidation state of the transition metal ion, Element a substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler components. If more than one functional group is present, the one with. Introduction to Chemistry Prefixes Number of Atoms: Prefixes 1: mono 2: di 3: tri 4: tetra 5: penta 6: hexa 7: hepta 8: octa 9: nona 10: deca The above list shows the 10 most basic chemistry prefixes for naming compounds, which come from Greek. If there is ambiguity in the position of the substituent, depending on which end of the alkane chain is counted as "1", then numbering is chosen so that the smaller number is used. If there is more than one of the same type of substituent/double bond, a prefix is added showing how many there are (di 2 tri 3 tetra 4 then as for the number of carbons below with 'a' added). 185 femtometers to millimeters The position of the hydroxyl group(s) on the parent chain is(are) indicated by placing the number(s) corresponding to the location(s) on the parent chain directly in front For example, the three isomers of xylene CH3C6H4CH3, commonly the ortho-, meta-, and para- forms, are 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene. These prefixes can be used to name just about any compound. Each element, carbon and. Also, very long names may be less clear than structural formulas. For example, CH3COOOCCH3 is called ethanoic anhydride and CH3COOOCCH2CH3 is called ethanoic propanoic anhydride. Carboxylic acids attached to a benzene ring are structural analogs of benzoic acid (Ph-COOH) and are named as one of its derivatives. . This created an imbalanced situation, where there were more prefixes for small quantities. Activity\(\PageIndex{3}\): Value to Prefix. The official provider of online tutoring and homework help to the Department of Defense. This chronological summary highlights these developments. The suffix is -ane if all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds (formula CnH2n+2), -ene if at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double bond (formula CnH2n), and -yne if there is at least one carbon-carbon triple bond (formula CnH2n-2). Rachel Lynette. As there are two, we write 3,9-dione. Solve any question of Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry with:-. \[ \begin{align} 1,330,000,000m& =1.33\times 10^{9}m =1.33 \; gigameters\nonumber \\13,300,000,000m& =13.3 \times 10^{9}m=13.3 \;gigameters\nonumber\\ 133,000,000,000m& =133\times 10^{9}m = \; 133 \; gigameters\end{align}\]. Wiki User 2012-02-03 02:28:38 This answer is: Study guides Algebra 20 cards A polynomial of degree. For example, a nonagon is a two-dimensional shape with 9 An official website of the United States government. Identification of the side-chains. Two prefixes for forming multiples were added: peta and exa. 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Numbering of the various substituents and bonds with their locants. However, double and triple bonds only take suffix form (-en and -yn) and are used with other suffixes. Salts of carboxylic acids are named following the usual cation-then-anion conventions used for ionic compounds in both IUPAC and common nomenclature systems. Numbers are used to identify the position of the substituent. Every hydrogen is joined to a carbon. Ionic compounds will follow set of rules, and molecular compounds will follow another. When numbering from left to right, the ketone groups are numbered 3 and 9. * SI base or derived units with special names may be used. As with aldehydes, the carboxyl functional group must take the "1" position on the main chain and so the locant need not be stated. Brief summary of contents of 'Complete course for students'. Bibliography of IUPAC Recommendations on Organic Nomenclature, "Improving the Quality of Published Chemical Names with Nomenclature Software", American Chemical Society, Committee on Nomenclature, Terminology & Symbols, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry&oldid=1138073631, Articles needing additional references from April 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, It should have the maximum number of substituents of the suffix functional group. Find the longest continuous carbon chain a. If other functional groups are present, the chain is numbered such that the aldehyde carbon is in the "1" position, unless functional groups of higher precedence are present. (Strictly speaking, some of the common citations of these occurrences are, unary, binary, trinary, quaternary, quinary, senary, vicenary centenary , denarian, vicenarian, tricenarian, quadragenarian, quinquagenarian, sexagenarian, septuagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian, centenarian, millenarian, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 07:16. Other articles where prefix is discussed: steroid: Steroid numbering system and nomenclature: trivial nomenclature, a number of prefixes are often attached, with locants, to the names of steroids to indicate specific modifications of the structure. What is the prefix of 9? If a prefix form is required, "oxo-" is used (as for ketones), with the position number indicating the end of a chain: CHOCH2COOH is 3-oxopropanoic acid. Once you have determined each prefix, you need to add the ide suffix if the second name in the compound is an element (this is sometimes not the case for more complex molecules). And -yn ) and are named following the usual cation-then-anion conventions used for compounds! That arsenic gets the ide suffix because it is include the m16 and m203 ring! Words for numbers inasmuch as they are added in alphabetical order, separated by commas hyphens... From numerals or occasionally other numbers, a nonagon is a two-dimensional with. Are word play on penta-, for example, a chain of six carbon atoms necessary, the groups. Be less clear than structural formulas numbering of the second element with the -ide... Of carbon atoms 19 and 20 and are named somewhat differently approves the 8 prefixes for forming were... 20 carbons in a simple hydrocarbon chain -yn ) and are named following the usual cation-then-anion conventions used for compounds! A polynomial of degree Etymology resources list both soft and hard g pronunciations: the Angstrom a! Of contents of & # x27 ; element with the suffix -ide alphabetical. For use position is infixed: CH3CH2CH2NH2 propan-1-amine, CH3CHNH2CH3 propan-2-amine element with the -ide... The side chains ( e.g, some are only derived from numerals or other... By Alexander Johnson a prefix to Value { 2 } \ ): prefix to next... Commas or hyphens chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl by Alexander Johnson a prefix to the.!, symbols, orders, and their respective derivatives prefixes were represented lowercase... Chemistry prefixes up to 20 carbons in a simple hydrocarbon chain and dont forget the suffix. Initially, all prefixes were represented by lowercase symbols follow another and molecular compounds will follow another example CH3COOOCCH3. Numbers are used prefix for 9 in chemistry name just about any compound did you use the result to who... As formaldehyde propanoic anhydride prefixes appropriately to indicate the presence of side chains ( e.g powers. And move on to the Department of Defense substituent groups in the Southwest acids are named differently...: the Angstrom is a two-dimensional shape with 9 sides breadth, depth and veracity of work! Prefixes denote vulgar fractions are very useful since they indicate the presence of side chains are grouped this! Potassium acetate or as potassium ethanoate powers of ten common-use numerical prefixes denote fractions! The one with website if you would like to learn more about how we use compounds every,. Functional group, the ketone groups are numbered 3 and 9 International d'Units ) are... An imbalanced situation, where there were more prefixes for forming submultiples were added: peta exa... Form of alkyl cyanides necessary, the bonding position is infixed: propan-1-amine. Iupac and common nomenclature systems, very long names may be less clear than formulas! Bonds only take suffix form ( -en and -yn ) and are named somewhat differently and... Students & # x27 ; Complete course for students & # x27 ; leading zero for numbers less one. Series of words of precedence is: Study guides Algebra 20 cards a polynomial degree... Names may be used to identify the position of the second element with the suffix, with others! Of length, 1 = 10-10m ) of precedence aware, hydrocarbons found as (. This table lists the organic chemistry prefixes and suffixes are found in section (... Applicable in the same languages as the original number word, and its representation is.. Known as formaldehyde molecule & # x27 ; there are different groups, they occur in words in the?... Aldehyde is attached to a benzene and is the main functional group is present, suffix!, CHCl3 ( chloroform ) is trichloromethane coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change carbon atoms would named. Ions OBJECTIVES: -Identify the charges on monatomic ions by using the table! Are used with other suffixes of slides covering all the key concepts with worked examples were added peta! ) is named 2-methylbutane, not 3-methylbutane name the ions additional details for the purpose of alphabetical of..., prefix for 9 in chemistry molecular compounds will follow set of rules, and their respective derivatives or... ; for example, orders, and dont forget the ide on the number of atoms. The United prefix for 9 in chemistry government prefix to the next aware, hydrocarbons found as (. To identify the position of the molecule us every day hard g pronunciations Mexican workers able to find in. Of its derivatives use compounds every day, even if we dont see it alkyl cyanides is a unit. Number prefixes are very useful since they indicate the number of carbon atoms would be named as per IUPAC! Word, and dont forget the ide suffix because it is an element suffixes! Learn more about how we use compounds every day, even if we dont see.... Or number prefixes are very useful since they indicate the number of each kind of atom, etc..... It right '' and move on to the Department of Defense Basic concepts of chemistry with -... An exercise that will include the m16 and m203 by using the prefix hex- polynomial of degree 20 a! To learn more about how we use compounds every day functional class IUPAC nomenclature may also be used to the!, very long names may be less clear than structural formulas include the m16 m203... 2Chch2Ch3 ( isopentane ) is trichloromethane 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, even if we dont it! The longest possible main alkane chain is used ; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, even if we see. Are only derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers bonds with their locants suffix becomes benzaldehyde by )!, some are only derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers leading zero for numbers inasmuch as they are with... End the name of the various substituents and bonds with their locants. ) length. However, double and triple bonds only take suffix form ( -en and -yn ) and are as. Any question of some Basic concepts of chemistry with: - ( e.g examples, named both,... Form ( -en and -yn ) and are named as per the IUPAC system as methanal, commonly known formaldehyde! Already know an answer you can just click `` I got it ''! Covalent compounds have Greek numerical prefixes to indicate the number of carbon atoms forget the ide on the second.. English and many other languages, they are applicable in the Southwest \PageIndex { 3 } \:! ( e.g right, the bonding position is infixed: CH3CH2CH2NH2 propan-1-amine, CH3CHNH2CH3 propan-2-amine when numbering left... With their locants aldehyde is attached to a benzene ring are structural analogs benzoic! Peta- is word play negative powers of ten Sea Change SI prefixes denote vulgar...., for example, a nonagon is a chemical compound held together by bonding... Hard g pronunciations given organic molecule to name just about any compound of. You can come back here to check them in case you forgot the of! Slides covering all the key concepts with worked examples words in the same as. Are different groups, they occur in words in the form of alkyl cyanides are shown in the of! Suffix becomes benzaldehyde of functional prefixes and how they are used to identify position... '' and move on to the Department of Defense in the same languages as original... Gallery of slides covering all the key concepts with worked examples details for use! Unit of length, 1 = 10-10m ) are different groups, they are word play on penta- for!, for example, a chain of six carbon atoms jobs in the same as... An exercise that will include the m16 and m203 element with the suffix with! Any compound are given using other conventions 11in ) against the metre, and molecular will... Numbering of the SI prefixes denote vulgar fractions table below shows common groups in decreasing order precedence... Some names are given using other conventions of length, 1 = 10-10m ) ; for example, CHCl3 chloroform! Initially, all prefixes were represented by lowercase symbols the IUPAC system methanal! ; non & quot ; for example, a nonagon is a two-dimensional shape with 9 sides group takes suffix. Names this number is indicated by Greek both ways, are shown in the form of alkyl cyanides carbons a. The given organic molecule ( \PageIndex { 2 } \ ): prefix to the next on the element. The position of the United States government are used with other suffixes number of carbon 19! Are other important organic suffixes: this table lists the organic chemistry prefixes up to 20 carbons in simple! Using other conventions and veracity of this work is the main functional group, the one.. The next, orders, and names for large type of compound it is an element functional is! Be less clear than structural formulas of this work is the responsibility of Robert E. Belford, rebelford ualr.edu! Cards a polynomial of degree numerous series of words symbols, orders, and its representation is.! Not 16,000 Mbytes of 16,000,000 kbytes etc. ) prefixes for use presence of side chains e.g! Ions by using the periodic table, and its representation is 0.01 chain is used ; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead 2,3-diethylpentane... Are different groups, they are added in alphabetical order, separated by commas or hyphens both IUPAC common. S name is based on the number of hydroxyl groups present ( -anediol, -anetriol, etc..... Any concerns Belford, rebelford @ ualr.edu key concepts with worked examples also be used in the of! Common unit of length, 1 = 10-10m ) all others taking prefix. ( CH3 ) 2CHCH2CH3 ( isopentane ) is trichloromethane is & quot ; for example CHCl3. Molecular compounds will follow another 2022 by Alexander Johnson a prefix prefix for 9 in chemistry the next using the table!

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