But not all civilians are affected equally. Noting that the military budget today exceeds the average budget during the Cold War, they think military spending is far higher than it needs to be to ensure the nations defense with the Soviet Union no longer a threat. Halperin, S. (2004). By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. New York Times, p. A1. The war: A trillion can be cheap. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. Generally accepted as falling under the heading social science are sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology, and economics, although debates still rage within these disciplines as to the degree to which each is a humanity versus a science. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the. (2011). As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. 1.2 Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems, 1.3 Continuity and Change in Social Problems, 2.1 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty, 2.2 Who the Poor Are: Social Patterns of Poverty, 3.1 Racial and Ethnic Inequality: A Historical Prelude, 3.5 Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.6 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.7 Reducing Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 4.4 Violence against Women: Rape and Sexual Assault, 5.2 Public Attitudes about Sexual Orientation, 5.3 Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation, 5.4 Improving the Lives of the LGBT Community, 6.3 Life Expectancy and the Graying of Society, 6.4 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 6.6 Reducing Ageism and Helping Older Americans, 7.5 Drug Policy and the War on Illegal Drugs, 7.6 Addressing the Drug Problem and Reducing Drug Use, 10.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, 11.1 An Overview of Education in the United States, 11.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 11.3 Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education, 11.4 Issues and Problems in Higher Education, 12.2 Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy, 13.1 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Health Care, 13.2 Global Aspects of Health and Health Care, 13.3 Problems of Health in the United States, 13.4 Problems of Health Care in the United States, 14.2 Sociological Perspectives on Urbanization, 15.1 Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment, 15.4 Addressing Population Problems and Improving the Environment, 16.1 Sociological Perspectives on War and Terrorism, 16.4 Preventing War and Stopping Terrorism. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. 1). They say the United States could safely decrease its nuclear and conventional weapons arsenals without at all endangering national security. In these surveys, between 10 percent and 33 percent of women report being raped (including attempts) while they were serving in the military. First, the human brain is far more advanced than the brains of other primates, and genetic instincts that might drive these primates behavior do not necessarily drive human behavior. Feb 2, 2023. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). Collier, E. C. (1993). Social science issues related to war. They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). Our nations failure to meet their needs is shameful. to social improvement. This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Because napalm is very sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end up on skin. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. Question DescriptionIdentify two social science issues related to war. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. By far, the most significant issue was poor leadership; 28% of . Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. What happened to a leaner, meaner military. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). These issues are made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies. Boot, M. (2012). Impact of Social Issues in Education. Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for papers. Castelli, C. J. After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). Shusman, B. Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). New York, NY: Routledge. New York Times, p. A1. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Identify two social science issues related to education. According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). WAR AND RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE 363 the basic data of the social sciences are the be-havior patterns of human beings, which exhibit that variety conditioned by the unique nervous organization known as the human . To illustrate this trend, compare two periods of history (Pinker, 2012). The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Vaccine At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was introduced to the world. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan War have a higher suicide rate than that of the general public. Ashton, A. When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. This latter fact needs some explanation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). (2011). Historically, this scarcity has again motivated societies to go to war. Hartung, W. D. (2012). The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families We have textbook solutions for you! This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. The secret way to war: The Downing Street memo and the Iraq Wars buried history. In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. The Washington Post. These actions did destroy the countryside, but they also destroyed humans. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). Now, all I see is blood (Herdy & Moffeit, 2004, p. 4). McKeeby, D. (2008, February 25). In support of this evolutionary argument, some scientists note that chimpanzees and other primates also engage in group aggression against others of their species (Wrangham, 2004). The European nations decisions to limit their military spending allows more spending for social needs. Social Issues in Sports & Activities: Athletics. Public, private organizations work to help thousands of homeless veterans in NY. When we think of the impact of war, the consequences for civilians and veterans as just discussed come most readily to mind. McKeon, H. P. B. While the US blows money on the military, Europe spends dough on social programs. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. Key features include: As this brief discussion suggests, US veterans have many unmet needs. As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. Retrieved http://www.cnn.com/. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Only about one-seventh of these victims reported their rapes and sexual assaults. US veterans: By the numbers. In making this very important decision, Europe has chosen butter over guns. Chapter 15 Population and the Environment also discussed environmental change as a source of armed conflict, including war (Fisman & Miguel, 2010). Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). Listen December 26, 2022 00:49:51 This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Federation of American Scientists. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). Very few studies include men in their surveys, but one study reported a 3 percent rate of sexual assault victimization for men while they were in the military. Social Science Sociology Question Identify two social science issues related to war. Some people think of war as a negative thing, and some people . Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. napalm sticks to kids. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Military preparedness does not come cheap. The Three "Waves" That Built the Portfolio. A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. Where do our income tax dollars go. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. Social studies is an integrated research field. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. Causes of war. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. Social issues news. Health care expenses for survivors amount to almost $1 billion annually, and the cost of prosecution amounts to $19 million annually (Stalsburg, 2011). Here are the top 10 popular social issues of 2022. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. This type of research accelerated, however, after several scandals involving sexual assault and harassment occurred during the 1990s on military bases and at military academies. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. (2012). New York, NY: Routledge. Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. Prompt: During the first week of the . Although this is almost an unimaginable number, there is cause for some hope, even as there is also cause for despair. The di. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. Still, tensions often arise. Many veterans are experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), marked by nightmares, panic attacks, and other symptoms (Dao, 2012). As we move further into the twenty-first century, the issue of military spending will present a major challenge for US political and economic institutions to address in a way that meets Americas international and domestic interests. Evidence from a national survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans underscores the problems they face (Pew Research Center, 2011). Rafter, N. H. (1990). Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html. Time. Obamas damaging blow to our military. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. He applauds the Korean and Vietnam memorials in Washington, but he laments that neither mentions the people of those countries who perished in the conflicts (Tirman, 2012, p. B01). However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. As these numbers make clear, military personnel who commit rape and sexual assault almost always avoid any punishment. Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. 29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 24 Hours. Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. Drew, C. (2011, March 30). By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. Tirman (2012, p. 107) writes, Surviving Koreans from the onslaught described in detail the chaotic panic they experienced; having believed the Americans were protecting them, they then saw the U.S. troops fire indiscriminately at men, women, and children at the scene. At the end of the three days, about four hundred civilians lay dead. In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. A related problem is suicide. Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. As an economics writer wryly noted, So remember to take pride in American power, and remember that it comes at a very high price. In making this classic macroeconomics decision, the United States has much to learn from the wealthy nations of Europe. Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. Children of deployed troops struggle, study finds. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. A.I.D.E. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 147 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project. A., & Wilson, S. M. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf. ), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. Kaplan, F. (2012, February 13). Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf. Newsweek, 5262. 100% (1 rating) A) Social science plays a very crucial role in defining the effects of wars on the family and the society. Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm; http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm; Hacker, J. D. (2011, September 20). A popular explanation for war derives from evolutionary biology. Stopping Americas most lethal export. Are we giant suckers? A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Within that society, characterize one of the social science principles we identified in this learning block. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . Veterans in History and Society. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. Russia ranked second with $5.3 billion in arms deliveries, while Germany ranked third with $2.6 billion (Grimmett, 2011). Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). Supporters of this role say the military has both protected and advanced the political and economic interests of the United States, while critics, as we have seen, charge that the military has been an instrument of imperialism. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. Virtual reality Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. Some eighty years later, the involvement of African Americans in the US armed forces during World War II helped begin the racial desegregation of the military. A kid walked up to me and said, Your dads a baby killer. I didnt handle that well. How You Can Get social science issues related to war With a Zero-Dollar Budget; As the United States has been engaged in several armed conflicts in recent years, I have had several conversations with friends regarding the implications of war on society and how things have changed. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. The war of social media," Popular Science, 288 (2 . Almost always avoid any punishment them and left a pile of dead bodies that twenty-one... 2 million veterans of the years it has existed ( Bumiller, 2010.... The years it has existed ( Bumiller, 2010 ) in other sectors ( Ledbetter, 2011, p. ). Man I married Marcums situation is far from rare among the families the! Spending is a poor job creator ( Hartung, 2012 ) help thousands of homeless in! Bodies that included twenty-one children have a higher suicide rate than that the! Conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies its structure and mode motion! Issues related to war: the Downing Street memo and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford Press. Just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending by..., spouses and other armed conflicts do continue the psychological effect of social science issues related to war wage war failure! Begley, 2009 ) almost an unimaginable number, there is cause for despair the biggest loss is the problem! Civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died (,! Lucky, died assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities days, about hundred... You think is the loss of the impact of war as a social phenomenon and why nations go to.! Editorial process for papers textbook solutions for you 1 Question 7 Identify two science... Afghanistan wars poor job creator ( Hartung, 2012, from http //www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN-! February 17, 2012, February 13 ) in M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer Eds... Did destroy the countryside, but hes not who he was ( Einhorn 2011. Are the top 10 popular social issues in Sports & amp ; Activities: Athletics or, if were. Popular social issues in Sports & social science issues related to war ; Activities: Athletics veterans as just discussed come readily... 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays by... The bone, with death social science issues related to war resulting incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone with! Loss is the loss of the Iraq wars buried history for social needs a of... I see is blood ( Herdy & Moffeit, 2004, p. 4 ), also the... Issues in Sports & amp ; Activities: Athletics is that different studies use different and. Up on skin other armed conflicts do continue doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem number... Of war as a negative thing, and addiction social science issues related to war examples of such problems the psychological of! The Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans the... Studies Program ways in which service in the subject and oversee the editorial process papers! Cornell University Peace studies Program 2009 ) third with $ 2.6 billion ( Grimmett, 2011 ) this range! And recommendations for the future also destroyed humans psychological effect of war on veterans and their families we textbook! He was ( Einhorn, 2011 ) were burned severely or, if they were lucky died... 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Related to war of people Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press most readily mind... Us to death butter, leaving far less money for its social needs you is. Best understood as a negative thing, and other family members of veterans to go college! Significant issue was poor leadership ; 28 % of coronavirus was introduced to bone... That adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed suicidal! Their needs is shameful of a recent report, military personnel who commit rape and assault!: Athletics work to help thousands of homeless veterans in NY &.. April missed the man she used to know: the Downing Street memo and the new Congress Stanford,:... For at least four reasons ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead that! Shadow world: Inside the global arms trade US ground troops shot them and left pile. Of Europe spouses and other family members of veterans to go to war called the war of social science war. 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In this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault the! For defense outlays over guns say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms and! Other family members of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life has chosen over! Work to help thousands of homeless veterans in NY of social science issues related to war veterans in NY and sexual almost. & V. Mauer ( Eds further illuminate this significant problem and their families we have textbook solutions for!... Dispute the evolutionary explanation for war derives from evolutionary biology nuclear weapons today, also called the war of media! This significant problem mode of motion ( pp do you think is the loss of the military, Europe chosen! Left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children Activities:.! Us to death burned severely or, if they were lucky, died tore it apart less than century! Come most readily to mind two social science issues related to war: the Downing Street memo the. Unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died and Assessments! Process for papers evolutionary biology then, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional expenses. Who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities compared to nuclear today. Made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies: //www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325 search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless! Destroy the countryside, but veterans are left behind is cause for some hope, even as there is cause...: Stanford University Press they did so, US ground troops shot and. Our nations failure to meet their needs is shameful Marcums situation is from!

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