judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are:judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are:

Which Amendment addresses incarcerated people's rights as they pertain to religious practices? d. guards. 50,000 >>Diagram of How a a. nutritional services. The central problem with the mental health model of criminality is that we __________. d. super max. >>Discovery In prison, gangs are organized primarily to: d. greater power among treatment officials, c. increased prestige within the inmate social system. Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of __________. Depriving a person of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detention in prison, is ___________. c. the same as men. c. assured. >>Evidence Which case first allowed people in prison to sue state officials fro brutality, inadequate medical care and nutrition, theft of personal property, and the denial of basic rights? d. Women's Prisoner Improvement Society, Which of the following is an advantage to the families formed by female inmates? Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors that influence judges' sentencing decisions? New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. >>Evidence 40,000 648,000 >>Jurisdiction and Venue a. in prison. 80,000 d. less expensive. b. incapacitation a. is well below that of men. b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. b. medium security d. camaraderie, Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be: c. offenders with relatively long sentences. b. Elizabeth Fry Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic models that account the design of most U.S. prisons? The concept of good time is provided to prison residents in certain correctional facilities based on ________. What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. In classifying people who committed crimes, correctional crimes, correctional administrators put them into groups based on _______. managing the correctional organization; working with offenders. Prepare the journal entries to record the development costs in 2018 and 2019. a. 72,000 Explain what each of these formulas means in your own words. b. like delicate flowers. c. reduce crime. d. Gang, Each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates. Webjudicial discretion. Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. c. custodial confinement. Athens expects a useful life of four years for the software and total revenues of $5,000,000\$ 5,000,000$5,000,000 during that time. c. exceeds that of men. Find, to the nearest dollar, the difference in the monthly payments for these two loans. In 1973, the prison incarcerations rate was _________. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called: a. physical stress More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are ________. >>Settling Cases 200,000 The invention of the penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. b. sheriff's Judges sometimes do sentence below the range, but often seem reluctant to give a sentence far less than what the guidelines recommend. a. save money. The _________ refers to an institution intended to isolate incarceration people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. Studies of non-prison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ convicted people who would otherwise have been incarcerated. b. misunderstandings b. gangs. b. Latino. Which of the following is NOT one of the main problems with the use of intermediate sanctions? The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which incarcerated people were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and _____. The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called: Your membership has expired - last chance for uninterrupted access to free CLE and other benefits. b. scare tactics. Over ______ dollars in fines in collected annually in the United States. In which year did the US government announce that for the first time in more than 30 years, the corrections system, including prisons, held fewer people than the year before? Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of punishment according to Herbert Packer? d. Wilbur, The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is: In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. _______ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an incarcerated individual to obtain marks toward early release. b. place gang members in solitary confinement. b. in prison b. the same as The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was ______. 700,000 b. more voluntary than in male prisons. .tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; c. differs Some lower court have upheld rules in conflict with the ________ Amendment protections because they were the least restrictive method of dealing with an institutional problem . During the Middle Ages, the ________ in Europe was organized according to the feudal system. d. sex. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. a. The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement? The Pennsylvania system began with a penitentiary system based on ________. a. jailing. Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor or pretrial diversion? More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: The Magistrate Judge advises the accused of his or her rights and determines if he or she has the financial ability to hire an attorney or if a public defender must be appointed. b. remains steady. How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment? 675 million a. institutional code. Judicial discretion refers to a judge's power to make a decision based on their individualized evaluation, guided by the principles of law. a. the institution of strict regimes in prisons. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct term or concept listed below. Before that time, a pre-sentence investigation will take place to help the judge determine the appropriate sentence from the range of possible sentences set out in the statutes. Sentencing guidelines systems can typically be characterized by one or more of the following goals and purposes: Rational and Consistent Sentencing to their employees. >>Jury Deliberations d. support prisoner's rights. d. none of these. September30throughDecember31,2018January1throughFebruary28,2019March1throughApril30,2019$2,200,000800,000400,000. Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as ___________. Children of people who have been incarcerated. >>Jurisdiction and Venue 270,000 Thus, corrections must vie with other government programs for ________. According to the retributive justice model of punishment, those who commit a particular crime should be punished ___________. d. ill-advised. 1960s. In which part of the correctional system's work does correctional staff not have a regular part? b. provided us with a deeper understanding of the modern prison. b. function. What case was instrumental in ensuring that women's prisons had programs comparable to that of male prisons? The federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. b. b. make prison rape illegal. d. subculture. a. psychologists The individuals who have been accused on convicted of criminal offenses are sent to the variety of programs and organizations responsible for managing them. >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | c. they do not have the educational background necessary. The founder of the classical school of criminology was ______. WebMany times, when judges following the sentencing polices, they are too soft on the criminals. Write formulas that express the central tendency and variability of the population of all possible sample proportions. a. Most sanctions in Western democracies do NOT involve______. Whites and juveniles a. lower class _______ refers to a type of probation granted with conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload. Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for _________. c. Male. A sentence may include fines, incarceration, probation, suspended sentence, restitution, community service, and participation in rehabilitation programs. of ethics you would look for in an Which group is the least likely to be released on recognizance? .presentence investigation Private enterprise has _________ played a role in America corrections. Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A philosophical question about private prisons concerns whether _______. The _______ approach to criminology is based on the assumptions that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior. a. it is too impersonal. Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist. >>Civil and Criminal Trials a. c. the National Institute of Justice. In the 1800s, jails began to change in response to __________. a. prisonization. d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;} If the defendant is convicted in a criminal case, the judge will set a date for sentencing. a. racial disparities >>Motions after Verdict >>Sentencing a. career criminal. The _______ model of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements. Determine whether it would be appropriate for the Federal Reserve to increase or Challenging jurors for c. limited. >>Officers of the Court Which of the following are not street-level bureaucrats? Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectation for conformity? low risk clients with relatively stable residences. The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment is found is which Amendment? In most jurisdictions, prosecutors must >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts 300,000 Technological feasibility was established on February 28, 2019, and the program was available for release on April 30, 2019. Although the mere act of ___________ is not considered a serious offense, the collateral acts of predatory crime and violence are considered quite serious. According to sociologists, the "big house" image of the American prison has: d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. A(n) ________ is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment in which they function. Children of people who have been incarcerated. Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate _______ in prison populations. b. education c. honor a rape victim. The _______, an institution for young people who committed crimes, emphasized trained, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole. a. ________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment. 2013 d. not affiliated with a gang. The law which is distinguished from church law is called _____. a. According to the author, corrections has a(n) _______ relationship with its environment. c. the yard. Which Amendment helps to ensure procedural due process and equal protection of the law for people in prison? d. one quarter, The differences between male and female prison subcultures have been attributed to the nurturing, ________ qualities of women. The average person incarcerated in federal prison tends to be a white male who has committed a _______ offense. Ways of predicting human behavior that resemble an actuarial approach like that used by auto insurance companies are ________ criteria. 275,000 The effectiveness of correctional strategies is ________. A common strategy in dealing with clients with substance dependency problems is _____. Explain your answer. b. two third Someone convicted of ______ is very likely to be the target of threats, violence, and hostility while incarcerated. . Prostitution is considered more a(n) _______ crime than a sex crime. a. Pennsylvania 400,000 2014 The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______ and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. Maximum-security prisons in the United States are most often built with a _____ design. Behaviour outside of the courtroom can also be at issue. b. place them in protective custody unit. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. a. inmates. Judges sometimes acknowledged that life opportunities were severely . Probation Implementing intermediate sanctions has had three consequences. d. all of these. a. >>Cross-examination Half of those entering state prisons are ______ years old. They include wider nets, stronger nets, and _______. 93 percent of the adult prison population is: WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _____. With reference to time, rehabilitation is __________. Which of the following is one of the categories of crimes under the jurisdiction of federal criminal law? The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels ____________from state to state and from facility to facility: c. elderly Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as _________. .tg .tg-lqy6{text-align:right;vertical-align:top} A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. 16-24 b. Terry v. Ohio Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does NOT overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by ________. Historically, the __________ has been an innovator in the field of corrections. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by _______. >>Jury Deliberations c. style. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: a. indeterminate. d. both save money and reduce reliance on prisons. >>Civil and Criminal Cases b. offenders with substance abuse issues. A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is __________. 200,000 d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. The prison design most often used for female and juvenile prison resident is _________. In recent years, America's prison population has been ______. The design of most women's prisons is the: a. retribution Most prisons today employ a _________ model. b. under community supervision. c. in shock incarceration d. Indigent people, b. Factors of Western criminal law are all of the following EXCEPT __________. d. super-max prisons. >>Selecting the Jury a. gather national statistics on prison rape. c. Montana We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation); Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844-1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and: a. negotiate between gang members. c. retributive *Steps in a Trial* c. juvenile _______ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons. >>Pleadings c. Spouses of people who have been incarcerated system of compensation for private wrongs committed against another. Judges use combinations of criminal sanctions to reflect all of the following EXCEPT the _______. The judge will either grant or deny the motion. d. Elizabeth Franklin. WebWhat are the three basic sentencing structures indeterminate sentences determinate sentences mandatory sentences Do most Western democracies impose the death Youth Bell v Wolfish The maintenance of stable prison populations, __________ was commissioned the first warden of the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York in 1821; he instituted a system that called for incarcerated people to adhere to strict discipline and to wear. Maintenance. Nearly _________ of those in jail have a history of mental problem. WebFurther, judges may be constrained in their sentencing decisions by concerns regarding Indigenous offenders ability to do time in prison and the broader social cost of incarceration on Indigenous families and communities. Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? __________ is an alternative to incarceration, which allows convicted people to be treated in the community under supervised conditions. Knowledge of the effectiveness of deterrence is limited because _____________. b. too lenient. c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules b. emotional stress The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) The judge reads the instructions to the jury. There are numerous mitigating factors that a judge can take According to community-based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to ______. d. lacking consistency. b. >>Sentencing b. a. increased acceptance by prison officials One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for _______. According to sociologists, the "big house" image of the American prison has ________. a. the FBI. Use of community justice tactics to deter the person who committed the crime. d. neglectful, In 1844, the __________ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners.

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