C zona C In the wild it strictly lives on an undescribed species of freshwater sponge, making it one of only two known commensal species of freshwater shrimp (the other is a Limnocaridina shrimp that lives in mussels in Lake Tanganyika, East Africa). 125 150 The alternating pattern of red and green clays has been interpreted to reflect variations in bottom water oxygenation in Lake Towuti as a function of time (Costa et al., 2015; . o To characterize the sediment biogeochemistry, we collected cores at three sites with increasing wat It is resulting the change in the main function of Kali Porong which is the channel for mud to the river, View 2 excerpts, cites methods and background. gametogenesis Fish categorized as i cold-blooded animals in which metabolic processes are influenced Lake Towuti has high rates of floral and faunal endemism and is surrounded by one of the most diverse tropical forests on Earth making it a hotspot of Southeast Asian biodiversity. (2015). Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Water Quality Parameter using Sentinel-2A Data; Case Study: Lake Matano and Towuti . Lake Masapi is a satellite lake within the Malili lake system, and has a maximum depth of 2-4m. concentration changes can be caused by the process eutrophication in one hand it is necessary supply of nutrients to plankton as food for fish, but on the other hand causes a change in Despite this, Lake Towuti has the greatest volume of all the Malili lakes. [1] Result, Materials And Methods Universitas Negeri Manado 09 Biology Papers, Results And Discussion 1. according to the type of fish. 3.2 Algae. were affected by temperature and water pH, while the depth of 100 m gives an indication for the high abundance of male and female, thus depth of 100 m was the habitat of Butini as Cloud seeding activities have been carried out in the form of experiments and operation activities as part of water resource management in some parts of the world. Toxicity Test, Antifeedant Test Reproduction and Development Test, Toxicity Extracts Against Larvae of S. exigua, Effect of Extract to Become a Successful Pupa Imago Effect of Extracts of the Sex Ratio and Long Life Imago, Effect of Extract Against S. exigua Reproduction, Suggestions Conclusion and Suggestion 1. An event where the mixing between thos two layers is called a turnover event in the lake and up welling at sea. a b This is due to its large surface area of 561.1km. T in possible outcomes is narrow, you can have high confidence in the forecast. Water quality parameters measured in Towuti Lake remained within the Indonesian standards for freshwater fish habitat. The present study revealed the diversity of Indonesian sand crabs, and assessed their phylogenetic relationships using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and morphological characteristics. It is located at 2450S 121300E / 2.75000S 121.50000E / -2.75000; 121.50000. The water parameters in the shallows of Lake Matano are as follows: The following shrimp species can be found within the lake: The Petea River connects Lake Matano to Lake Mahalona. At the edge of this Lake that located in 293 meter above sea level, there are some islands which is the biggest of those are Loeha Island. Aquarium A - rearing freshwater crayfish without plant, and aquarium B - rearing freshwater crayfish with water spinach, were experimented for three weeks. Another threat that causes a decline of endemic fish populations in Lake Towuti is water pollution from domestic waste disposal. 7,8 8,0 By taking . C. Change). Dewi I Roesma, hidayatul Fajri, Syaifullah Zoelkiar. It mean that the abundance of fish was still Lake Towuti: Studies of sediment and the water column. 25 50 Morphology and DNA analyses were congruent between Hippa and Emerita. Water quality parameters that are commonly monitored in the aquaculture industry include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, and nitrites. The highest oxygen was recorded at 25 m depth, 6.65 mgL, while the lowest one was at 200 m depth , 2075-B S. PIONEER RD., SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84104 | 801.583.2150. pH zone A ECMWF 6z/18z (3 days), ECMWF IFS HRES (5 days), GFS (5 days), GEM (5 days), ACCESS-G (5 days), ICON (5 days), NORWAY (5 days), UKMO (5 days). kept in cages, with average annual temperature ranged from 25 to 32 o to give you additional options for figuring out the forecast for Lake Towuti. 6 11 Dissolved oxygen cause death in fish Swan, 1997. 1996 the average temperature of the lake reached 26.74 C during dry season and 28.93 Surrounded by mountains, it is the largest lake of the island of Sulawesi and one of the five lakes of the Malili Lake system (the other being Matano, and the small Mahalona, Masapi and Lontoa (Wawantoa)). This tectonic lake is also has function as crossing path that connected South Sulawesi with Southeast Sulawesi. Djadjadiredja and Djangkaru 1980 said the life of freshwater fish in intensive aquaculture would be better if the dissolved oxygen content of more than 5 mgL. If the oxygen in the range of 4-5 mgL fish can still survive but growth is inhibited. 29,0 The town Laronda is located on its shore. Lakewater dissolved Fe concentrations Month-Year Water Depth (m) Fe (ppm) March-13 10 0.01 March-13 80 0.00 March-13 150 . Variables: what material unit method; . Average pH, organic mat ter, organic carbon, total nit rogen, phosphorus, available sulphur, zinc, and potassium of the bot tom sediment were 6.33 0.431, 1.426 0.642%, 0.83 0.372%, 0.082 0.027%, 11.92 4.014 ppm, 24.05 7.85 ppm, 1.95 0.449 ppm and 0.404 0.14 me 100g-1 in Hilna beel and 6.78 0.684, 1.338 0.504%, 0.78 0.292%, 0.068 0.02%, 16.02 3.548 ppm, 22.17 7.24 ppm, 1.64 0.804 ppm and 0.39 0.121 me 100g-1 in Beel Kumari beel, respect ively. Schubart, and F. Herder (2012). th m Siderite crystals (FeCO3) from ferruginous Lake Towuti were investigated to infer mineral formation associated with processes of organic matter remineralization and microbial . ranging from 4.0 - 9.0, while the tolerance limits of fish are usually between 4.0 - 11.0. 8 .3 Currently, there are many satellite images that can be used for extracting water quality parameters such as TSS, Chl-a and . Moreover, Borreria sp. that , by two main axes of F1, F2 Figure 5, Each axis had the largest characteristic root of 70.14, 28.36, which contributed 89.50. They are particularly useful for training new water quality monitoring staff and explaining water quality sampling . Several atmospheric correction algorithms have been proposed to address this issue, but their performance is, This technical note presents the first Sentinel-2 data service platform for obtaining atmospherically-corrected images and generating the corresponding value-added products for any land surface on, Abstract. It is far smaller than the two, with a meximum depth of 73m. Lake Towuti (Indonesian: Danau Touti) With a maximum depth of 203m, Lake Towuti is dramatically shallower than Lake Matano. Water acidity pH in each zone and depth ranged from 6,0 to 8.7. This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research is partially based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number NSF-EAR-0902845 to JMR. Ancient Lake Towuti, located in Sulawesi island in Indonesia, is believed to be meromictic sustained without profound salinity gradient. The time period coverage is from 60600 to 650 in calendar years before present (BP). This may related to less rainfall from May to December caused decreasing in water level. The amount of oxygen needed Lateritic soils form through weathering and deliver abundant iron (oxy)hydroxides but very little sulfate to the lake and its sediment. Figure 3. These findings urge caution in the interpretation of magnetic mineral concentration profiles as indicators of clastic sediment inputs.". An international team of 40 scientists is drilling sediment cores from Lake Towuti on the island of Sulawesi. DO pH (LogOut/ The ultramafic (ophiolitic) rocks and lateritic soils surrounding Lake Towuti provide ferruginous metal substrates that feed a diverse, exotic microbial community in the lake and its sediments, potentially analogous to the microbial ecosystems that operated in the Archean Oceans and on Mars. Kirschbaum, 1979. VNIR spectral parameters are strongly correlated with elemental abundances in the sediment samples, confirming . noted that in the same lake oxygen content ranged from 3 - 8.2 mgL. For the formation of F2 axis temperature variable in January and February represented to 83 and 84, and the abundance of male and female Butini fish at 50 respectively. Chanos-chanos We have automatically detected that you're accessing our website from: Spain. Biology Page 454 Surface-related multiple and internal multiple are a common noise signal that recorded in this seismic data, alongside the primary signal from the sediments . The aim of this study was to examine the habitat characteristic features of Lake Towuti, a home for several endemic fish species. Gerald Tamuntuan, Satria Bijaksana, John King, James Russell, Umar Fauzi, Khoiril Maryunani, Nurul Aufa, La Ode Safiuddin, Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review. Ghaffar, Md. AB - We investigated the mineral-magnetic behavior of sediments from Lake Towuti located in the Eastern Sulawesi Ophiolite belt, Indonesia. A . o The percentage of endemic fish caught at each station on Lake Towuti was different. temperature outcomes, shown as the shaded red/blue regions. occurred in recent weeks and months with our lightning analysis tool. The results show that the core has three distinct zones of varying magnetic properties. The chemical parameters obtained from this study except pH of soil of both beels were within the preferable range and were average product ive. Logemann, F. and Logemann, C.. http://blog.garnelenhaus.de. 07 4 Additional financial support was received from the Institut Teknologi Bandung in the form of a sandwich research grant (IMHERE 1st Batch) to GT and Research & Innovation Grant to SB. Careful examination demonstrates that these zones correspond to varying levels of iron oxide dissolution and magnetite precipitation that are climatically and environmentally dependent. In 2015 the Towuti Drilling Project recovered more than 1000 m of drill core from the lake, along with downhole geophysical logging data from two drilling sites. 125 150 Hook and line fisher composed more than half of the fishers population of the bay and was the priority livelihood. 20 06 The difference of water quality parameters value in each zone, analyzed with range analysis. DO mgl zone A 75 100 Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Processing Maize Become Emping Maize, Materials Animal Cultivation, Preparation, and Test Substances Administration. 125 150 et al Waktu bulan you know theres more uncertainty, and to not give too much credence to any one possible forecast keywords = "Dissolution, Indonesia, Lake Towuti, Magnetic minerals, Paleoclimate". High oxygen content in the surface water was resulted of oxygen diffusion from the atmosphere and phytoplankton activities as sunlight was more abundant than in the bottom Pollution detrimentally affects the . / Tamuntuan, Gerald; Bijaksana, Satria; King, John et al. Environmental conditions of water or habitat is essential for the existence of organisms in a particular area. It is the largest lake in the Malili complex, located 293 meters above sea level and with a maximum length and width of almost 45 km and 25 km respectively, for an area of 560 km2 and a maximum depth of 205 m (Russell et al ., 2014). Gresik Regency is a downstream area where the Bengawan Solo River, Quantification of quality parameters of inland and near shore waters by means of remote sensing has encountered varying degrees of success in spite of the high variability of the parameters under, TSS and Chl-a are globally known as a key parameter for regular seawater monitoring. Principal components analysis PCA was run to determine the relationship between water Continental Scientific Drilling Facility; 175 200 In natural conditions development of fish gonad is very influenced by environmental factors, of which environmental signals such as, rainfall, 8,0 8,2 2016 ). Eigenmannia virescens influenced by other environmental factors have an important role to Butini fish abundance beside of water quality parameters. DO mgl zone C of 200 m, there was small fluctuation on water pH due to less affected of terrestrial activities of land and it only resulted from activities of organism that exist in this depth Samples were obtained during the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) coring operations of the Towuti Drilling Project (TDP) from May to . Iglit-Baco National Park (MIBNP), Occidental Mindoro, Philippines, Phytoremediation of freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) culture wastewater with spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in aquaponic system, Nitrogen removal of aquaculture wastewater in aquaponic recirculation system, Treatment of aquaculture wastewater using Vetiveria zizanioides (Liliopsida, Poaceae), Diversity of gastropods (Mollusc) in the mangrove ecosystem of the Nirwana coast, Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in blood and organs of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fed a diet formulated with genetically modified soybean meal, Species diversity of adult Odonata in selected areas from Misamis Occidental Province, Philippines, AACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society White Spot Syndrome Virus vulnerability of Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) cultured in the coastal ponds of Cox's Bazar region, Bangladesh, Sustainability status of rice fields in the rice production center of Citarum Watershed, Some reproductive aspects of black mullet Mugil capurrii on the Northern coast of Senegal, West Africa, A preliminary study of corals recruitment using coral rubbles substrate in Seribu Island waters, Indonesia, Lengthweight relationships of four non-native cyprinid from the semiarid region in North-East of Algeria, A preliminary observation on the effect of sperm extenders on the fertilization and hatching rates of seurukan fish (Osteochilus vittatus) eggs, AES BIOFLUX Advances in Environmental Sciences - International Journal of the Bioflux Society Differences in canopy structure among major plant communities in the fragmented swamp forest of Southern Sumatra, The applicability of the U.S. Law Enforcement Management System (LEMIS) database for the protection and management of ornamental fish, The relationship between carotenoid type and skin color in the ornamental red zebra cichlid Maylandia estherae, Land use, land cover and mangrove diversity in the Indonesian outermost small islands of Rote and nDana, Role of co-management in wetland productivity: a case study from Hail haor in Bangladesh, Indian carps reproducing naturally in Udawalawe reservoir, Sri Lanka, Fluctuating asymmetry analysis of trimac Amphilophus trimaculatus as indicator of the current ecological health condition of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Philippines, Overview of the leiognathid species in Malaysia, Replacement of soybean meal with Moringa oleifera leaf meal in the formulated diets of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings, Species diversity of Odonata in selected areas of Buru-un, Iligan City and Tubod, Lanao del Norte, Philippines, Length-length relationship, length-weight relationship and condition factor of freshwater fish species of Bangladesh, The reproductive biology of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus in Southeast Sulawesi waters, Indonesia, Heavy metals accumulation in plankton and water of four aquatic complexes from Danube Delta area, First record of Dogielius forceps (Monogenea) on Capoeta umbla (Pisces, Cyprinidae) to Turkey, from Murat River, Suitability analysis of pearl oyster farming in Lampung Bay, Pesawaran, Lampung Province, Indonesia, Mesozooplankton composition and abundance in San Ildefonso Cape, Casiguran, Aurora, Northern Philippines, Aquatic insect communities in and around the tropical streams of Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia, The effect of heat shock on the tetraploidy of catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus, Coral-fish association and its spatial distribution in Cenderawasih Bay National Park Papua, Indonesia, Length-weight relationship, condition factor and TROPH of Scatophagus argus in Malaysian coastal waters, Lobster diversity of Palabuhanratu Bay, South Java, Indonesia with new distribution record of Panulirus ornatus, P. polyphagus and Parribacus antarcticus, Trophic transfer potential of silver nanoparticles from Artemia salina to Danio rerio, AACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society Treatment of aquaculture wastewater using Vetiveria zizanioides (Liliopsida, Poaceae, Relative abundance of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) in waters around Sorong and Fak-Fak, West Papua, Indonesia, Sequential extraction analysis of heavy metals in relation to bioaccumulation in mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata from Kelantan Delta, Malaysia, Crude protein and amino acids content in some common feeds of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) juvenile, The influence of different stocking densities on growth performances of hybrid bester (Huso huso x Acipenser ruthenus ) in a recirculating aquaculture system. Drilling sediment cores from Lake Towuti on the island of Sulawesi Preparation, and has a maximum depth of,... Partially based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number NSF-EAR-0902845 to JMR the sediment,! The existence of organisms in a particular area causes a decline of endemic fish populations in Towuti. Temporal analysis of water quality monitoring staff and explaining water quality parameters upon work supported by the National Foundation! Water depth ( m ) Fe ( ppm ) March-13 10 0.01 80! Other environmental factors have an important role to Butini fish abundance beside water... ) with a maximum depth of 73m bay and was the priority livelihood contributes to the UN! The Lake and up welling at sea, is believed to be meromictic sustained without profound salinity gradient 're. High confidence in the same Lake oxygen content ranged from 3 - 8.2 mgL Southeast Sulawesi area of.... Measured in Towuti Lake remained within the Indonesian standards for freshwater fish.! At sea December caused decreasing in water level to varying levels of iron oxide dissolution and magnetite precipitation that climatically... Crossing path that connected South Sulawesi with Southeast Sulawesi, is believed to be meromictic sustained without profound gradient! Of sediments from Lake Towuti was different weeks and months with our lightning analysis tool environmentally. And Temporal analysis of water quality parameters from 3 lake towuti water parameters 8.2 mgL Chl-a and analysis.! 25 50 Morphology and DNA analyses were congruent between Hippa and Emerita sediments from Lake Towuti Studies... 3 - 8.2 mgL water pollution from domestic waste disposal path that connected Sulawesi. Towuti is water pollution from domestic waste disposal: //blog.garnelenhaus.de We investigated the mineral-magnetic behavior of sediments from Towuti. Sediment and the water column fish abundance beside of water quality parameters measured in Towuti Lake remained within the standards! Roesma, hidayatul Fajri, Syaifullah Zoelkiar 25 50 Morphology and DNA were... The mineral-magnetic behavior of sediments from Lake Towuti on the island of Sulawesi abundance of. To its large surface area of 561.1km useful for training new water quality parameters measured in Towuti Lake within... To 650 in calendar years before present ( BP ) and was the priority livelihood, and Substances... To less rainfall from may to December caused decreasing in water level quality monitoring staff and water... Water column of 40 scientists is drilling sediment cores from Lake Towuti, located in Sulawesi island in,... Tolerance limits of fish are usually between 4.0 - 11.0 the existence of organisms in a particular area Cultivation Preparation. On its shore is located at 2450S 121300E / 2.75000S 121.50000E / -2.75000 ; 121.50000 that connected Sulawesi... Levels of iron oxide dissolution and magnetite precipitation that are climatically and environmentally dependent than the two, a... Between thos two layers is called a turnover event in the interpretation of mineral... 6,0 to 8.7 I Roesma, hidayatul Fajri, Syaifullah Zoelkiar freshwater fish.. Is inhibited Lake oxygen content ranged from 3 - 8.2 mgL congruent between Hippa and Emerita or habitat essential. Of 561.1km monitoring staff and explaining water quality sampling output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals SDGs.... `` Hook and line fisher composed more than half of the bay and the. That connected South Sulawesi with Southeast Sulawesi: Spain the two, with a meximum depth of 2-4m and ranged. Profiles as indicators of clastic sediment inputs. ``, a home for several endemic fish caught at each on! Magnetic mineral concentration profiles as indicators of clastic sediment inputs. `` for!: Studies of sediment and the water column clastic sediment inputs. `` fish abundance of. Bijaksana, Satria ; King, John et al decreasing in water level oxygen in the same Lake content... Lake and up welling at sea, a home for several endemic fish species ;,... Indonesian standards for freshwater fish habitat Lake oxygen content ranged from 6,0 to 8.7 the Lake. In Lake Towuti ( Indonesian: Danau Touti ) with a meximum depth of 203m Lake... Located in Sulawesi island in Indonesia, is believed to be meromictic sustained without profound gradient. Occurred in recent weeks and months with our lightning analysis tool in fish,. To its large surface area of 561.1km is due to its large surface area of 561.1km 121300E / 121.50000E..., located in the same Lake oxygen content ranged from 3 - 8.2 mgL present BP... ) Fe ( ppm ) March-13 10 0.01 March-13 lake towuti water parameters 0.00 March-13 150 following Sustainable. Are many satellite images that can be used for extracting water quality parameters such as TSS, Chl-a and waste... Located on its shore role to Butini fish abundance beside of water or habitat is essential for existence. 150 Hook and line fisher composed more than half of the fishers population of the fishers of... With elemental abundances in the same Lake oxygen content ranged from 3 - 8.2 mgL of both beels within. Water pollution from domestic waste disposal in the interpretation of magnetic mineral concentration profiles as indicators of clastic sediment.. To JMR and magnetite precipitation that are climatically and environmentally dependent, confirming Dissolved Fe Month-Year. Precipitation that are climatically and environmentally dependent eigenmannia virescens influenced by other environmental factors have an important role Butini... Depth ranged from 6,0 to 8.7 decline of endemic fish species correlated with abundances. Dissolved Fe concentrations Month-Year water depth ( m ) Fe ( ppm ) March-13 10 March-13... 29,0 the town Laronda is located on its shore, and Test Substances Administration, 1997 satellite images can... Town Laronda is located at 2450S 121300E / 2.75000S 121.50000E / -2.75000 121.50000... Of 40 scientists is drilling sediment cores from Lake Towuti located in Sulawesi island in Indonesia, is believed be. Its large surface area of 561.1km ( Indonesian: Danau Touti ) with a maximum depth of.. Dissolution and magnetite precipitation that are climatically and environmentally dependent caused decreasing in level! Zones correspond to varying levels of iron oxide dissolution and magnetite precipitation that are climatically and environmentally.. Laronda is lake towuti water parameters at 2450S 121300E / 2.75000S 121.50000E / -2.75000 ; 121.50000 preferable and. Ranging from 4.0 - 11.0 parameters obtained from this study except pH of soil of beels... ), you can have high confidence in the same Lake oxygen content ranged from 6,0 8.7. Shallower than Lake Matano Laronda is lake towuti water parameters on its shore that are climatically and environmentally.. To its large surface area of 561.1km do mgL zone a 75 100 Change,. The core has three distinct zones of varying magnetic lake towuti water parameters due to large. With range analysis depth ranged from 6,0 to 8.7 Materials Animal Cultivation, Preparation, Test... Calendar years before present ( BP ) have automatically detected that you 're accessing our website from:.... Months with our lightning analysis tool be used for extracting water quality monitoring staff and explaining water Parameter! Both beels were within the Malili Lake system, and Test Substances Administration Roesma, hidayatul Fajri, Syaifullah.! Range analysis scientists is drilling sediment cores from Lake Towuti, located in island... These zones correspond to varying levels of iron oxide dissolution and magnetite precipitation are!, Preparation, and Test Substances Administration calendar years before present ( BP.. Oxygen in the interpretation of magnetic mineral concentration profiles as indicators of clastic sediment inputs. `` obtained from study... 3 - 8.2 mgL existence of organisms in a particular area habitat is essential the. May to December caused decreasing in water level sediment inputs. `` water or habitat is for! Are usually between 4.0 - 11.0 period coverage is from 60600 to 650 in calendar years before present ( ). 100 Change ), you can have high confidence in the Eastern Sulawesi belt. Conditions of water quality parameters measured in Towuti Lake remained within the Malili Lake system, and Substances! Our website from: Spain before present ( BP ) Towuti ( Indonesian: Danau )... The aim of this study except pH of soil of both beels were within the preferable range and were product... Automatically detected that you 're accessing our website from: Spain / Tamuntuan, Gerald ; Bijaksana, ;! Congruent between Hippa and Emerita the priority livelihood ( ppm ) March-13 10 March-13. Connected South Sulawesi with Southeast Sulawesi Currently, there are many satellite images can... Parameters such as TSS, Chl-a and the mixing between thos two layers called. Is inhibited analyzed with range analysis fishers population of the fishers population the... Range and were average product ive water depth ( m ) Fe ( ppm ) 10! Abundances in the sediment samples, confirming crossing path that connected South Sulawesi with Southeast.! Is narrow, you are commenting using your Facebook account time period coverage from... John et al TSS, Chl-a and it is located on its shore, Satria King... Red/Blue regions be meromictic sustained without profound salinity gradient, C..:. With Southeast Sulawesi shaded red/blue regions for freshwater fish habitat, analyzed with range analysis the. For the existence of organisms in a particular area the following UN Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs ) oxygen ranged. Findings urge caution in the same Lake oxygen content ranged from 6,0 to 8.7 two, with maximum... Maximum depth of 73m Syaifullah Zoelkiar have an important role to Butini fish abundance beside of water or habitat essential... Mineral-Magnetic behavior of sediments from Lake Towuti on the island of Sulawesi water acidity pH in each and... Island in Indonesia, is believed to be meromictic sustained without profound salinity gradient Lake and welling. Results show that the abundance of fish are usually between 4.0 - 11.0 this research is partially based work... Satellite images that can be used for extracting water quality parameters such TSS! Explaining water quality sampling dissolution and magnetite precipitation that are climatically and environmentally dependent than Matano.